Which safety practice is essential when handling radioactive material?

Maintaining proper distances and shielding is a fundamental safety practice when handling radioactive materials because it directly reduces exposure to radiation. Radiation can take various forms, including alpha, beta, and gamma radiation, each requiring different protective measures.

By increasing the distance from a radioactive source, the intensity of radiation exposure decreases significantly, as the radiation intensity diminishes with distance. This is governed by the inverse square law, which states that doubling the distance from a source results in a fourfold decrease in exposure.

Shielding is also critical, as different materials can be utilized to absorb or deflect specific types of radiation. For example, lead is effective against gamma radiation, while plastic or glass may suffice for alpha and beta radiation. The combination of both maintaining an adequate distance and utilizing suitable shielding materials minimizes radiation exposure and enhances safety for individuals handling or working around radioactive substances.

Other options do not address the comprehensive strategies needed to effectively reduce radiation exposure. For instance, just wearing protective gloves does not prevent exposure to radioactive materials entering through other means, and minimal lighting does not have a direct impact on radiation safety. Avoiding the use of monitors compromises the ability to detect radiation levels and assess the surrounding environment, which is essential for ensuring safety when dealing with radioactive materials.