What does the term "neutron activation" refer to in radiation contexts?

The term "neutron activation" specifically refers to the process whereby stable isotopes become radioactive as a result of their exposure to neutrons. When a stable nucleus absorbs a neutron, it can become unstable and subsequently decay, resulting in the formation of a new radioactive isotope. This process is critical in various applications, including nuclear reactors, where materials can be transformed into radioactive isotopes through neutron exposure. The resulting isotopes may emit different types of radiation, such as beta or gamma radiation, which can have significant implications for safety and handling procedures in radiation environments. This understanding helps radiation safety professionals manage and mitigate risks associated with the presence of activated materials.