What are the potential environmental impacts of radiation?

The potential environmental impacts of radiation are significant, and contamination of soil and water sources is a primary concern. Radiation can lead to the release of radioactive materials into the environment, which can settle in soil or be absorbed by plants and animals. This contamination can affect the health of ecosystems, disrupt food chains, and lead to long-term environmental damage. For instance, radioactive isotopes can persist in the environment for extended periods, leading to chronic exposure for living organisms.

In contrast, while the other options might appear beneficial at first glance, they do not accurately reflect the usual consequences of radiation exposure. Increased plant growth and enhanced wildlife populations are not typical outcomes associated with radiation exposure, as radiation usually has deleterious effects on biodiversity and ecosystem health. Similarly, radiation exposure does not improve air quality; in fact, it can contribute to pollution and health hazards. Thus, the contamination of soil and water sources stands out as the most relevant and accurate representation of the potential environmental impacts of radiation.