What are beta particles?

Beta particles are defined as high-energy, high-speed electrons or positrons that are emitted during the process of radioactive decay. This form of radiation occurs when an unstable nucleus transforms and releases a beta particle in order to achieve a more stable state. The emission typically involves the conversion of a neutron into a proton and an electron (beta minus decay) or a proton into a neutron and a positron (beta plus decay).

The speed and energy associated with beta particles make them capable of penetrating materials more effectively than alpha particles but less so than gamma rays. Their wave-particle dual nature contributes to their behavior in radioactive decay processes, making them significant in both radiation safety concerns and applications in medical and industrial fields.

Understanding the nature and characteristics of beta particles aids in recognizing their role in radiation safety practices, especially when dealing with radiation shielding and contamination management.