How are radioactive waste materials typically classified?

Radioactive waste materials are typically classified based on their radioactivity levels and the nature of the waste. The established categories are low-level waste (LLW), high-level waste (HLW), and transuranic waste.

Low-level waste includes materials that have a slight radioactive content, such as contaminated protective clothing and filters. High-level waste consists of highly radioactive materials that result from the reprocessing of nuclear fuel, such as spent nuclear fuel itself, which can remain hazardous for thousands of years. Transuranic waste includes materials that are contaminated with elements having atomic numbers greater than uranium (such as plutonium), which are also long-lived and require special handling and disposal measures.

Other classifications mentioned in the options relate to different aspects of waste management, such as general waste types or handling methods, but they do not accurately represent the specific categories used for radioactive waste. This distinction reflects the unique characteristics and risks associated with different types of radioactive materials, necessitating appropriate management, storage, and disposal protocols to ensure safety and environmental protection.